2. Umar ibn al Khattab RA

Name and Lineage:

Abu Hafsa Umar ibn al Khattab ibn Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzzah ibn Rabaah ibn Abdullah ibn Qirt ibn Razaah ibn Adii ibn Ka’b ibn Lu’ay
Mother: Hantaman bint Haashim ibn al Mughirah ibn Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Makhzum
Nickname: Al Faruq

His Islam:

Embraced Islam in the 5th/6th year of Prophethood
Joined Islam at the age of 26
He was preceded by 40 men and 10 women (or 45 men and 11 women)
Daawuud ibn Al Husayn and Al-Zuhri said: When Umar became a Muslim, Jibril AS came down and said: ‘Oh Muhammad! The residents of heaven have rejoiced at the Islam of Umar.’
Suhayb RA said: When Umar became a Muslim, we sat around the Ka’bah in circles, performed tawaf and opposed those who oppressed us

His Description:

Fair in complexion with redness in his face
Tall
Bald
Very red eyes
Light facial hair

His Children:

12 children from 6 wives and 2 bondsmaids
From Zaynab bint Maz’un: Abdullah, Abdulrahman, Hafsah RA
From Umm Kulthum bint Ali: Zayd al Akbar, Ruqayyah RA
From Umm Kulthum bint Garwal: Zayd al Asghar, Ubaydullah RA
From Gamilah: Aasim RA
From Lahiyah (bondmaid): Abdulrahman al Awsat RA
From Umm Hakim bint al Harith: Fatimah RA
From Aatikah bint Zayd: Ayyad RA
From Fakihah (bondmaid): Zaynab RA

Quranic Revelations Agreeing with Him:

حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ وَافَقْتُ رَبِّي فِي ثَلاَثٍ، فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوِ اتَّخَذْنَا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى فَنَزَلَتْ ‏{‏وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى‏}‏ وَآيَةُ الْحِجَابِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَوْ أَمَرْتَ نِسَاءَكَ أَنْ يَحْتَجِبْنَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُكَلِّمُهُنَّ الْبَرُّ وَالْفَاجِرُ‏.‏ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ نِسَاءُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الْغَيْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبَدِّلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ‏.‏ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ‏.‏

Narrated `Umar (bin Al-Khattab): My Lord agreed with me in three things:

1. I said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), I wish we took the station of Abraham as our praying place (for some of our prayers). So came the Divine Inspiration: And take you (people) the station of Abraham as a place of prayer (for some of your prayers e.g. two rak`at of Tawaf of Ka`ba)”. (2.125)

2. And as regards the (verse of) the veiling of the women, I said, ‘O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! I wish you ordered your wives to cover themselves from the men because good and bad ones talk to them.’ So the verse of the veiling of the women was revealed.

3. Once the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) made a united front against the Prophet (ﷺ) and I said to them, ‘It may be if he (the Prophet) divorced you, (all) that his Lord (Allah) will give him instead of you wives better than you.’ So this verse (the same as I had said) was revealed.” (66.5).

Sahih al-Bukhari 402

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:402

His Virtues and Feats:

1 of the 10 Promised Paradise
2nd of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Khalifa lasted 10 years, 6 months and 4 days
Died a martyr
He made hijrah openly
Attended Badr, Uhud and all battles
The first khalifah to be called Amir al Mu’minin
The first to record Islamic history
The first to compile the Quran in a mushaf
The first to gather people for taraweeh
The first in his position to conduct patrols at night
Made conquests, Imposed taxes, Built cities, Appointed judges, set up Diwans, assigned soldier wages
Took along the widows of the Prophet ﷺ in his last hajj
Aisha RA narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Among the nations before you there used to be people who were inspired [though they were not prophets]. And if there was such a person amongst my followers, then it is Umar.” Agreed upon.
Sa’d ibn abi Waqqas RA conveyed that the Prophet ﷺ said to Umar: “By the One in Whose hand my life is, whenever Shaytan sees you taking a path, he follows a path other than yours.” Bukhari and Muslim narrated it.
Mus’ab ibn Sa’d reported that Hafsah RA said to Umar: “O Amir al Mu’minin! Why don’t you get clothing that is softer than what you wear, and eat food that is better than what you eat? Allah has made His provisions ampler and His blessings more abundant.” Umar said: “I disagree with you. Do you not remember what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ faced of harsh living conditions, as did Abu Bakr?” Umar kept reminding her until he made her cry, and then he said: “By Allah, I too shall continue on this path so long as I live, so that I may remain at the same level.”
Abdullah ibn Isa said: There were two dark lines on Umar’s face, under his eyes, due to weeping
Sa’id ibn al Musayyib said: “Umar loved praying in the heart of the night.”

His Death:

He was stabbed on Monday, 4 days before the end of Dhul Hijjah of 23 AH
He was buried on Sunday, 1st of Muharram
Muawiyah said he was 63 years old, Salim ibn Abdullah says 65 years old, ibn Abbas says 66 years old, and Qatadah says 61 years old
Suhayb RA led his janazah prayer

Source: Ranks of the Elite by Imam ibn al Jawzi (Dar as Sunnah Publishers, 1st Edition July 2023)